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Health Discussion Forum

 OMG, how can I get rid of this headache?
I have had a mild migraine since Monday morning. It doesn't throb, it is in my forehead, around my eyes and between them. It won't go away. I've taken Tylenol, had enough to eat, ...


 Why does it hurt to drink pop?
It feels like drinking fire! I can actually feel it going down my esophagus. Then it kind of festers through out my abdomen: stomach, esophagus,etc. I have had it happen since I was little, but in ...


 I have rly bad cramps?
i get horrible cramps during my period. they are sometimes so bad that it makes me cry, and i can't even get off the couch without it hurting horribly. is there any remedy that helps to ...


 What's the worst pain you've ever experienced?
..it can be physical or mental....


 Im in agony with toothache. taken max dosage Of paracetamol, not toUChed it what can i do now....HELP!!!?
...


 Life Is Terrible?
Who feels like they have just hit the bottom of hell?...


 Will you go for a walk today?
...


 What hurts more, a tattoo or giving blood?
i want a tattoo, but im a wimp, and yes, i admit it. I thinks it is fear of the 'unknown' - and i know i should just 'dive in the deep end' but like every human, you want to know ...


 Do guys htink visible hip bones are attractive?
cuz i love my hipbones so much
Additional Details
they aren't like anorexic visible, but ive just lost 10 lbs...and they look great on me......


 What kind of painkiller for headaches?
I don't get headaches often, but when i do get them ,they last for the whole day. But most of those days i really have to work on hw, and can't afford to lose time because of headaches
...


 Please tell me swimming is better than walking, as exercises?
...


 Does anyone know a cure for night time leg cramps?
i drink plenty of water, have plenty of potassium and iron in my diet but nothing seems to ...


 Charlie horse.... help!?
I heard that drinking gatorate or eating a banana helps when you get a charlie horse... is that true? are they're any other 'tricks' that can help....
Additional Details
.....


 Best type of pain killers?
Looking in the supermarket I see there are several types/makes of pain killer i.e. Paractemol, Neurofen, Aspirin etc. What in your opinion is the best....


 What is wrong with pierced ears??
I went over to my moms to visit and my mom got her belly button pierced so she said i could pierce my ears and when i went back home to my dads he told me to take it out so i sneak and take it off ...


 I smoked last night my throat hurts when i breath and eat and the sides of my neck?
yeaaa so if u get what i mean i smoked w**d i usally do often but today it hurts on the sides of my neck and it hurt when i move around my neck or somtimes breath does anyone one no what this is. ...


 Should I go to the hospital?
I feel like my eardrums are about to explode. I have been prone to ear infections over the last few years, but I have never had anything this painful or intense. I can barely hear anything, it's ...


 How to get my ear to "pop" pressure help!!?
sounds like im in a barrel when i talk..i have pinched my nose blew and popped the other one but the right one wont...it did yesterday and was fine but stopped up again...it just started after this ...


 Do women feel physical pain less than men?
Like a smack in the face would hurt a woman less than the same smack with same force to a man?

Someone once told me that and said a woman's pain threshold is much higher cause of ...


 What brand of headache medicine works best for you?
...



Health Forum    Pain & Pain Management

The Broken Doll
I get monster migraines from computer or TV screens, what can I do?
I've had huge migraines for a little over a week now, and I've figured out it's from computer screens and TV. I'm on the computer for at least 2 hrs a day at school, one for my research project and one when I'm a library aide. What can I do to prevent the monsters from invading my life? When I type I change the background to black and the font to gray, and it seems to help a little.
Additional Details
It's a migraine, I get nauseous, dizzy, and just want to go to sleep. It's usually around my right temples and my upper right forehead. I don't need glasses, I got a check up over the summer.
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sa_2006
Migraines have been classified by the International Headache Society which periodically revises their classification.[8]


[edit] Defining severity of pain
In addition to classifying the type of headache, the International Headache Society defines intensity of pain on a verbal 4 point scale:[9]

0 no pain
1 mild pain 'does not interfere with usual activities'
2 moderate pain 'inhibits, but does not wholly prevent usual activities'
3 severe pain 'prevents all activities'

[edit] Migraine without aura
This is the most commonly seen form of migraine; patients who primarily suffer from migraine without aura may also have attacks of migraine with aura. According to the International Classification of Headache Disorders[8] it is a recurrent headache disorder manifesting in attacks lasting 4-72 hours. Typical characteristics of the headache are unilateral location, pulsating quality, moderate or severe intensity, aggravation by routine physical activity and association with nausea and/or photophobia and phonophobia.

In order to diagnose migraine without aura, there must have been at least five attacks not attributable to another cause that fulfill the following criteria:

1. Headache attacks lasting 4-72 hours when untreated
2. At least two of the following characteristics:
Unilateral location
Pulsating quality
Moderate or severe pain intensity
Aggravation by or causing avoidance of routine physical activity
3. During the headache there must be at least one of the following associated symptom clusters:
Nausea and/or vomiting
Photophobia and phonophobia
Where these criteria are not fully met, the problem may be classified as "probable migraine without aura" but other diagnoses such as "episodic tension type headache" must also be excluded.


[edit] Migraine with aura
This is the second most commonly seen form of migraine: patients who primarily suffer from migraine with aura may also have attacks of migraine without aura. According to the International Classification of Headache Disorders[8] it is a recurrent disorder manifesting in attacks of reversible focal neurological symptoms that usually develop gradually over 5-20 minutes and last for less than 60 minutes. Headache with the features of "migraine without aura" usually follows the aura symptoms. Less commonly, the aura may occur without a subsequent headache or the headache may be non-migrainous in type.

In order to diagnose migraine with aura, there must have been at least two attacks not attributable to another cause that fulfill the following criteria:

1. Aura consisting of at least one of the following, but no muscle weakness or paralysis:
Fully reversible visual symptoms (e.g. flickering lights, spots, lines, loss of vision)
Fully reversible sensory symptoms (e.g. pins and needles, numbness)
Fully reversible dysphasia (speech disturbance)
2. Aura has at least two of the following characteristics:
Visual symptoms affecting just one side of the field of vision and/or sensory symptoms affecting just one side of the body
At least one aura symptom develops gradually over more than 5 minutes and/or different aura symptoms occur one after the other over more than 5 minutes
Each symptom lasts from 5-60 minutes
Where these criteria are not fully met, a diagnosis of "probable migraine with aura" may be considered, although other neurological causes must also be excluded. If the picture complies with the criteria but includes one-sided muscular weakness or paralysis, a diagnosis of "sporadic hemiplegic migraine" or "familial hemiplegic migraine" should be considered.


[edit] Basilar type migraine
Basilar type migraine (BTM), formerly known as basilar artery migraine (BAM) or basilar migraine (BM), is an uncommon type of complicated migraine with symptoms that result from brainstem dysfunction. Serious episodes of BTM can lead to stroke, coma, or even death. The use of triptans and other vasoconstrictors as abortive treatments in BTM is contraindicated. Abortive treatments for BTM often focus on vasodilation and restoration of normal blood flow to the vertebrobasilar territory and subsequent return of normal brainstem function.


[edit] Familial hemiplegic migraine
See also the main article on Familial hemiplegic migraine

Familial hemiplegic migraine 'FHM' is a type of migraine with a possible polygenetic component. These migraine attacks may last 4-72 hours[8] and are apparently caused by ion channel mutations, three types of which have been identified to date. Patients who experience this syndrome have relatively typical migraine headaches preceded and/or accompanied by reversible limb weakness on one side as well as visual, sensory or speech difficulties. A non-familial form exists as well, "sporadic hemiplegic migraine" (SHM). It is often difficult to make the diagnosis between basilar-type migraine and hemiplegic migraine. When making the differential diagnosis is difficult, the deciding symptom is often the motor weakness or unilateral paralysis which can occur in FHM or SHM. While basilar-type migraine can present with tingling or numbness, true motor weakness and/or paralysis occur only in hemiplegic migraine.


[edit] Abdominal migraine
According to the International Classification of Headache Disorders[8] abdominal migraine is a recurrent disorder of unknown origin which occurs mainly in children. It is characterised by episodes of moderate to severe central abdominal pain lasting 1-72 hours. There is usually associated nausea and vomiting but the child is entirely well between attacks.

In order to diagnose abdominal migraine, there must be at least five attacks, not attributable to another cause, fulfilling the following criteria:

1. Attacks lasting 1-72 hours when untreated
2. Pain must have ALL of the following characteristics:
Location in the midline, around the umbilicus or poorly localised
Dull or 'just sore' quality
Moderate or severe intensity
3. During an attack there must be at least two of the following:
Loss of appetite
Nausea
Vomiting
Pallor
Most children with abdominal migraine will develop migraine headache later in life and the two may co-exist during adolescence.


[edit] Acephalgic migraine
Acephalgic migraine is a neurological syndrome. It is a variant of migraine in which the patient may experience aura symptoms such as scintillating scotoma, nausea, photophobia, hemiparesis and other migraine symptoms but does not experience headache. Acephalgic migraine is also referred to as amigrainous migraine, ocular migraine, or optical migraine.

Sufferers of acephalgic migraine are more likely than the general population to develop classical migraine with headache.

The prevention and treatment of acephalgic migraine is broadly the same as for classical migraine. However, because of the absence of "headache", diagnosis of acephalgic migraine is apt to be significantly delayed and the risk of misdiagnosis significantly increased.

Visual snow might be a form of acephalgic migraine.

If symptoms are primarily visual, it may be necessary to consult an ophthalmologist to rule out potential eye disease before considering this diagnosis.


[edit] Signs and symptoms
The signs and symptoms of migraine vary among patients. Therefore, what a patient experiences before, during and after an attack cannot be defined exactly. The four phases of a migraine attack listed below are common but not necessarily experienced by all migraine sufferers. Additionally, the phases experienced and the symptoms experienced during them can vary from one migraine attack to another in the same migraineur:

The prodrome, which occurs hours or days before the headache.
The aura, which immediately precedes the headache.
The pain phase, also known as headache phase.
The postdrome.

[edit] Prodrome phase
Prodromal symptoms occur in 40 to 60% of migraineurs. This phase may consist of altered mood, irritability, depression or euphoria, fatigue, yawning, excessive sleepiness, craving for certain food (e.g., chocolate), stiff muscles (especially in the neck), constipation or diarrhea, increased urination, and other vegetative symptoms. These symptoms usually precede the headache phase of the migraine attack by several hours or days, and experience teaches the patient or observant family how to detect that a migraine attack is near.


[edit] Aura phase
For the 20-30%[10][11] of migraineurs who suffer migraine with aura, this aura comprises focal neurological phenomena that precede or accompany the attack. They appear gradually over 5 to 20 minutes and generally last fewer than 60 minutes. The headache phase of the migraine attack usually begins within 60 minutes of the end of the aura phase, but it is sometimes delayed up to several hours, and it can be missing entirely. Symptoms of migraine aura can be visual, sensory, or motor in nature.[12]

Visual aura is the most common of the neurological events. There is a disturbance of vision consisting usually of unformed flashes of white and/or black or rarely of multicolored lights (photopsia) or forma­tions of dazzling zigzag lines (scintillating scotoma; often arranged like the battlements of a castle, hence the alternative terms "fortification spectra" or "teichopsia"). Some patients complain of blurred or shimmering or cloudy vision, as though they were look­ing through thick or smoked glass, or, in some cases, tunnel vision and hemianopsia. The somatosensory aura of migraine consists of digitolingual or cheiro-oral paresthesias, a feeling of pins-and-needles experienced in the hand and arm as well as in the ipsilateral nose-mouth area. Paresthesia migrate up the arm and then extend to involve the face, lips and tongue.

Other symptoms of the aura phase can include auditory or olfactory hallucinations, temporary dysphasia, vertigo, tingling or numbness of the face and extremities, and hypersensitivity to touch.


[edit] Pain phase
The typical migraine headache is unilateral, throbbing, moderate to severe and can be aggravated by physical activity. Not all of these features are necessary. The pain may be bilateral at the onset or start on one side and become generalized, and usually alternates sides from one attack to the next. The onset is usually gradual. The pain peaks and then subsides, and usually lasts between 4 and 72 hours in adults and 1 and 48 hours in children. The frequency of attacks is extremely variable, from a few in a lifetime to several times a week, and the average migraineur experiences from one to three headaches a month. The head pain varies greatly in intensity. The pain of migraine is invariably accompanied by other features. Nausea occurs in almost 90 percent of patients, while vomiting occurs in about one third of patients. Many patients experience sensory hyperexcitability manifested by photophobia, phonophobia, osmophobia and seek a dark and quiet room. Blurred vision, nasal stuffiness, diarrhea, polyuria, pallor or sweating may be noted during the headache phase. There may be localized edema of the scalp or face, scalp tenderness, prominence of a vein or artery in the temple, or stiffness and tenderness of the neck. Impairment of concentration and mood are common. Lightheadedness, rather than true vertigo and a feeling of faintness may occur. The extremities tend to be cold and moist.


[edit] Postdrome phase
The patient may feel tired, "washed out", irritable, or listless and may have impaired concentration, scalp tenderness or mood changes. Some people feel unusually refreshed or euphoric after an attack, whereas others note depression and malaise. Often, some of the minor headache phase symptoms may continue, such as loss of appetite, photophobia, and lightheadedness.


[edit] Diagnosis
Migraines are underdiagnosed[13] and misdiagnosed.[14] The diagnosis of migraine without aura, according to the International Headache Society, can be made according to the following criteria, the "5, 4, 3, 2, 1 criteria":

5 or more attacks
4 hours to 3 days in duration
2 or more of - unilateral location, pulsating quality, moderate to severe pain, aggravation by or avoidance of routine physical activity
1 or more accompanying symptoms - nausea and/or vomiting, photophobia, phonophobia
For migraine with aura, only two attacks are required to justify the diagnosis.

The mnemonic POUNDing (P</b>ulsating, duration of 4-72 h<b>O</b>urs, U</b>nilateral, Nausea, D</b>isabling) can help diagnose migraine. If 4 of the 5 criteria are met, then the positive likelihood ratio for diagnosing migraine is 24.[15]

The presence of either disability, nausea or sensitivity, can diagnose migraine with[16]:

sensitivity of 81%
specificity of 75%

[edit] Pathophysiology
Migraine was once thought to be initiated by problems with blood vessels. This theory is now largely discredited.[17] Current thinking is that a phenomenon known as cortical spreading depression is responsible for the disorder.[18] In cortical spreading depression, neurological activity is depressed over an area of the cortex of the brain. This situation results in the release of inflammatory mediators leading to irritation of cranial nerve roots, most particularly the trigeminal nerve, which conveys the sensory information for the face and much of the head.

This view is supported by neuroimaging techniques, which appear to show that migraine is primarily a disorder of the brain (neurological), not of the blood vessels (vascular). A spreading depolarization (electrical change) may begin 24 hours before the attack, with onset of the headache occurring around the time when the largest area of the brain is depolarized. The effects of migraine may persist for some days after the main headache has ended. Many sufferers report a sore feeling in the area where the migraine was, and some report impaired thinking for a few days after the headache has passed.

In 2005, research[19] was published indicating that in some people with a patent foramen ovale (PFO), a hole between the upper chambers of the heart, suffer from migraines which may have been caused by the PFO. The migraines reduce in frequency if the hole is patched. Several clinical trials are currently under way in an effort to determine if a causal link between PFO and migraine can be found. Early speculation as to this relationship has centered on the idea that the lungs detoxify blood as it passes through. The PFO allows uncleaned blood to go directly from the right side of the heart to the left without passing through the lungs.

Migraine headaches can be a symptom of Hypothyroidism.


[edit] Epidemiology
Migraine is an extremely common condition which will affect 12-28% of people at some point in their lives.[20] However this figure — the lifetime prevalence — does not provide a very clear picture of how many patients there are with active migraine at any one time. Typically, therefore, the burden of migraine in a population is assessed by looking at the one-year prevalence — a figure that defines the number of patients who have had one or more attacks in the previous year. The third figure, which helps to clarify the picture, is the incidence — this relates to the number of first attacks occurring at any given age and helps understanding of how the disease grows and shrinks over time.

Based on the results of a number of studies, one year prevalence of migraine ranges from 6-15% in adult men and from 14-35% in adult women.[20] These figures vary substantially with age: approximately 4-5% of children aged under 12 suffer from migraine, with little apparent difference between boys and girls.[21] There is then a rapid growth in incidence amongst girls occurring after puberty[22],[23][24] which continues throughout early adult life.[25] By early middle age, around 25% of women experience a migraine at least once a year, compared with fewer than 10% of men.[20][26] After menopause, attacks in women tend to decline dramatically, so that in the over 70s there are approximately equal numbers of male and female sufferers, with prevalence returning to around 5%.[20][26]

At all ages, migraine without aura is more common than migraine with aura, with a ratio of between 1.5:1 and 2:1.[27][28] Incidence figures show that the excess of migraine seen in women of reproductive age is mainly due to migraine without aura.[29] Thus in pre-pubertal and post-menopausal populations, migraine with aura is somewhat more common than amongst 15-50 year olds[30][31]

Geographical differences in migraine prevalence are not marked. Studies in Asia and South America suggest that the rates there are relatively low,[32][33] but they do not fall outside the range of values seen in European and North American studies.[20][34]

The incidence of migraine is related to the incidence of epilepsy in families, with migraine twice as prevalent in family members of epilepsy sufferers, and more common in epilepsy sufferers themselves.[35]


[edit] Triggers
A migraine trigger is any factor that, on exposure or withdrawal, leads to the development of an acute migraine headache. Triggers may be categorized as behavioral, environmental, infectious, dietary, chemical, or hormonal. In the medical literature, these factors are known as 'precipitants.'

According to the National Library of Medicine's Medical Encyclopedia, migraine attacks may be triggered by:

Allergic reactions
Bright lights, loud noises, and certain odors or perfumes
Physical or emotional stress
Changes in sleep patterns
Smoking or exposure to smoke
Skipping meals
Alcohol or caffeine
Menstrual cycle fluctuations, birth control pills
Tension headaches
Foods containing tyramine (red wine, aged cheese, smoked fish, chicken livers, figs, and some beans), monosodium glutamate (MSG), or nitrates (like bacon, hot dogs, and salami)
Other foods such as chocolate, nuts, peanut butter, Avocado, banana, citrus, onions, dairy products, and fermented or pickled foods.[36]
Many people report that one or more dietary, physical, hormonal, emotional, or environmental factors precipitate their migraines. The most-often reported triggers include: pesticides (sprayed fruits/vegetables), perfumes or fragrances (30% of sufferers), stress, over-illumination or glare, alcohol, foods, too much or too little sleep, and weather. Some women experience migraines in conjunction with monthly menstrual cycles.

Sometimes the migraine occurs with no apparent "cause". The trigger theory supposes that exposure to various environmental factors precipitates, or triggers, individual migraine episodes. Migraine patients have long been advised to try to identify personal headache triggers by looking for associations between their headaches and various suspected trigger factors. Patients are urged to keep a "headache diary" in which to note what they eat and when they get a headache, to look for correlations, and to try to avoid headache by avoiding factors they identify as triggers. Typically this advice is accompanied by a list of trigger factors.


[edit] Food
In 2005, authors who reviewed the medical literature[37] found that the available information about dietary trigger factors relies mostly on the subjective assessments of patients. Some suspected dietary trigger factors appear to genuinely promote or precipitate migraine episodes, but many other suspected dietary triggers have never been demonstrated to trigger migraines. The review authors found that alcohol, caffeine withdrawal, and missing meals are the most important dietary migraine precipitants. The authors say dehydration deserves more attention, and that some patients report sensitivity to red wine. The authors found little or no demonstrated evidence that notorious suspected triggers chocolate, cheese, or that Histamine, tyramine, nitrates, or nitrites normally present in foods trigger headaches. The artificial sweetener aspartame (NutraSweet®) has not been shown to trigger headache, but in a large and definitive study monosodium glutamate (MSG) in large doses (2.5 grams) was associated with adverse symptoms including headache more often than was placebo. The review authors also note that while general dietary restriction has not been demonstrated to be an effective migraine therapy, it is beneficial for the individual to avoid what has been a definite cause of the migraine.

On the other hand, several headache clinics have had good results with individually tailored dietary restriction as a therapy. Dr. Ian Livingstone, director of the Princeton Headache Clinic, recommends eliminating the following common headache triggers from the diet: aged cheese, monosodium glutamate, processed fish and meats containing nitrates (such as hot dogs), dark chocolate, aspartame, certain alcoholic beverages (including red wine), citrus fruits, and caffeine. After a period of one to two months, these foods can be reintroduced one at a time to determine their trigger potential for that individual. Adding large amounts of the suspected trigger in a short time may generate a response that is easy to observe.[citation needed]

Dr. David Buchholz, a neurologist who treats headaches at Johns Hopkins Hospital, has a longer list of suspected migraine triggers. He also recommends eliminating the triggers from the diet altogether, and then reintroducing them slowly after many weeks to measure the effects. His list includes: coffee (including decaf), chocolate, monosodium glutamate, processed meats and fish (aged, canned, preserved, processed with nitrates, and some meats that contain tyramine), cheese and dairy products (the more aged, the worse), nuts, citrus and some other fruits, certain vegetables (especially onions), fresh risen yeast baked goods, dietary sources of tyramine (including the foods listed above), and whatever gives you a headache.

The National Headache Foundation has a more specific list of triggers based on the tyramine theory, which differs slightly from David Buchholz's list. For example, it says that decaffeinated coffee is allowed. The list details "Allowed", "Use with caution", and "Avoid" triggers.[38]


[edit] Weather
Several studies have found some migraines are triggered by changes in weather. One study[39](Prince, 2004) noted that 62% of the subjects in the study thought that weather was a factor, in fact 51% were actually sensitive to weather changes. Among those whose migraines did occur during a change in weather, the subjects often picked a weather change other than the actual weather data recorded. Most likely to trigger a migraine were, in order:

Temperature mixed with humidity. High humidity plus high or low temperature was the biggest cause.
Significant changes in weather
Changes in barometric pressure (See Abortive Treatment)
Another study[40](Cooke, 2000) researched whether chinook winds (warm westerly winds occurring along the Front Ranges of the Rocky Mountains) are a migraine trigger. Many patients had increased incidence of migraines immediately before and/or during the chinook winds. The number of people reporting migrainous episodes during the chinook winds was higher on high-wind chinook days. The probable cause is "through increased air positive ion concentrations." (Cooke, 2000; full text web search quote)


[edit] Hair wash headache
Another trigger for migraine has been proposed by Dr.K.Ravishankar, a neurologist and headache specialist from India. He reported an unusual trigger for migraine seen among women, Hair Wash Headache. It is described as a migraine headache that originates with a head bath while sitting on the floor, or hanging the head downwards for an extended period of time.[41] (Ravishankar, 2006)


[edit] Treatment
Conventional treatment focuses on three areas: trigger avoidance, symptomatic control, and preventive drugs. Patients who experience migraines often find that the recommended treatments are not 100% effective at preventing migraines, and sometimes may not be effective at all.

Children and adolescents, are often first given drug treatment, but the value of diet modification should not be overlooked. The simple task of starting a diet journal to help modify the intake of trigger foods like hot dogs, chocolate, cheese and ice cream could help alleviate symptoms[42]





[edit] Trigger avoidance
Patients can attempt to identify and avoid factors that promote or precipitate migraine episodes. Moderation in alcohol and caffeine intake, consistency in sleep habits, and regular meals may be helpful. Beyond an often pronounced placebo effect, general dietary restriction has not been demonstrated to be an effective approach to treating migraine.[2]

Nonetheless, some people fervently claim that they have successfully identified foods that are likely to result in migraines, and by avoiding them, can decrease the likelihood of an episode.


[edit] Abortive treatment
Migraine sufferers usually develop their own coping mechanisms for the pain of a migraine attack. A cold or hot shower directed at the head, a hot or cold wet washcloth, a warm bath, or resting in a dark and silent room may be as helpful as medication for many patients, but both should be used when needed.[citation needed]

Some headache sufferers are surprised to learn that a simple cup of coffee is used daily around the world to control minor vascular headaches that are not quite migraines.[citation needed] Minor vascular headaches are frequently associated with the hormonal fluctuations of menstrual periods, irregular eating, and unusually hard work. For migraineurs, a well-timed cup of coffee can prevent outright migraine under the same conditions.

For patients who have been diagnosed with recurring migraines, doctors recommend taking migraine abortive medicines to treat the attack as soon as possible. Migraine without aura presenting without prodrome or nausea can present with sudden onset. Many patients avoid taking their medications when an attack is beginning, hoping that "it will go away". However, in many cases once an attack is underway, it can become intensely painful, last for a long time (sometimes even for several days), and become somewhat resistant to medical treatment. In contrast, treating the attack at the onset can often abort it before it becomes serious, and can reduce the near-term frequency of subsequent attacks.

For sufferers of weather-related migraines there is a simple treatment known as the Valsalva maneuver, which pilots and frequent fliers employ to relieve discomfort from pressure change. By holding your nose and gently pushing the air in your mouth back towards your ears and "popping" them you are opening your eustachian tubes. These normally open and close with regular chewing and talking but in some people may stay closed due to allergies or genetics. Regular opening and closing of the eustachian tubes allows a person to continually equalize to any change in the ambient barometric pressure. When this does not occur regularly the difference in pressure between the head and the environment can cause vascular swelling/constricting and trigger a migraine. Migraines can be stopped by doing the Valsalva maneuver three or four times.[citation needed] During changeable weather patterns doing the maneuver fifteen times per day can eliminate the headaches.


[edit] Paracetamol or Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs)
The first line of treatment is over-the-counter abortive medication.

Regarding non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, a randomized controlled trial found that Naproxen can abort about one third of migraine attacks, which was 5% less than the benefit of Sumatriptan.[43]
Paracetamol, at a dose of 1000 mg, benefited over half of patients with mild or moderate migraines in a randomized controlled trial.[44]
Simple analgesics combined with caffeine may help.[45] During a migraine attack, emptying of the stomach is slowed, resulting in nausea and a delay in absorbing medication. Caffeine has been shown to partially reverse this effect, and probably accounts for its benefit.[citation needed] Excedrin is an example of an Aspirin with caffeine product. Caffeine is recognized by the U.S. FDA as an OTC treatment for migraine[citation needed].
Patients themselves often start off with Paracetamol (known as Acetaminophen in the USA), Aspirin, Ibuprofen, or other simple analgesics that are useful for tension headaches. Some patients find relief from taking Benadryl[citation needed], an over-the-counter sedative antihistamine, or anti-nausea agents. OTC drugs may provide some relief, although they are typically not effective for most sufferers. It is one of doctors' practical diagnoses of migraine head pain when patients say typical OTC drugs "won't touch it".[citation needed]


[edit] Serotonin agonists
Main article: triptans
Sumatriptan and related selective serotonin receptor agonists are excellent for severe migraines or those that do not respond to NSAIDs [43] or other over-the-counter drugs.[44] Triptans are a mid-line treatment suitable for many migraineurs with typical migraines. They may not work for atypical or unusually severe migraines, transformed migraines, or status (continuous) migraines.


[edit] Ergot alkaloids
Until the introduction of Sumatriptan in 1991, ergot derivatives (see ergoline) were the primary oral drugs available to abort a migraine once it is established.

Ergot drugs can be used either as a preventive or abortive therapy, though their relative expense and cumulative side effects suggest reserving them as an abortive rescue medicine. However, Ergotamine Tartrate tablets (usually with caffeine), though highly effective, and long lasting (unlike triptans), have fallen out of favour due to the problem of ergotism. Oral ergotamine tablet absorption is reliable unless the patient is nauseated. Anti-nausea administration is available by ergotamine suppository (or Ergostat sublingual tablets made until circa 1992). Ergotamine-caffeine 1/100 mg fixed ratio tablets (like Cafergot, Ercaf, etc.) are much less expensive per headache than triptans, and are commonly available in Asia. They are difficult to obtain in the USA. Ergotamine-caffeine can't be regularly used to abort evening or night onset migraines due to debilitating caffeine interference with sleep. Pure Ergotamine Tartrate is highly effective for evening-night migraines, but is rarely or never available in the USA. Dihydroergotamine (DHE), which must be injected or inhaled, can be as effective as Ergotamine Tartrate, but is much more expensive than $2 USD Cafergot tablets.

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K
Rating
blink a lot when your using the computer
the screens hurt my eyes too
and if its really big take a painkiller


hope that helps :]

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Sick Of The World Today
Wear sunglasses while on the computer or watchin t.v. Its what I do, I get migraines too.

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Jack
Rating
sit further back, dont lean in to the screen, and take breaks...also make sure you are looking down at it some instead of straight at it or up.

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radical123radical
try usin a pain Reliever lotion. just apply it on ur forehead and the lotion attrcts heat. it makes ur head feel reely good. the lotion is called "Vicks". I think u can get it at pharmacy's. As for stopping the migraines, u probably have to stop ur computer use for a while.

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2cool4u
talk to your teacher about it and maybe you can work something out where you don't need to use the computer and go old fashion with reading and writing

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ஐ♥Vanessa♥ஐ
When I was pregnant that used to happen to me. My eyes were straining b/c of the looking at the screen. I went to the eye doctor and she prescribed glasses that helped. I changed the font at home to shades of blue also.

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kanyelovah
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i get migraines too.. they most likely not caused by the computer or tv screen, those just alwaysss make them worse. If you absolutely need to be on the computer, try wearing sunglasses. i know it sounds a little funny but it helps. changing the background color helps a little too, you're right. bright lights are probably the worst thing for the headaches.
are you sure it's a migraine?
if it is, it's usually in one particular spot on one side of your head. it could be caused by stress, your period, or a number of different things. You might want to call a doctor if they continue.. i've resulted in a perscription migraine headache medicine.

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doodleZ
Rating
You may need glasses.

Get your eyes check and talk to the eye doctor about it.

I did and they gave me glasses a VERY light pink tint.....no headaches from the lights at my office since!

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TwistedBlackVines
Rating
let a doctor know and get something to prevent the migraine because it will have very negative effects on your blood pressure as well as other things.

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kaiceec
go get your eyes checked sounds like you maybe straining them or try moving the screen closer or further way i would do the eyes first though

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aestas100
Light sensitivity is a common migraine trigger. It is not eye strain. I suffer this too and have found that for computer-work and TV watching it helps to dim the lights in the room and to reduce the contrast and brightness on the computer monitor. Also, take breaks and avert you eyes as a matter of habit. At all costs to do not watch any film with rapidly changing images - which for me means skipping some TV shows completely and looking immediately away from any flashing ads that come up on my PC. Taking pain killers daily is a bad idea - you will quickly cause rebound migraines if you take meds more than 3-4 times a week.

There are coping and avoidance strategies, no cures, for chronic migraines. Good luck.

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lovelygirl
I think you may need glasses (or stronger glasses if you already have them)
See your eye doctor and tell him about this. If indeed, you need glasses, and the migraines go away while wearing them...then..CASE SOLVED! That was the case with me. Glasses did wonders for me.
If not, you could be developing a brain tumor, or soemthing of that sort. SO SEEK MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATLY!
I hope its nothing serious, best of luck.

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historybuff
Apart from all the quite interesting ideas and suggestions already given, you should remember that some people simply cannot look at TV, computer, or other shimmering views (such as the surface of the ocean) without triggering a headache or migraine.

For such people, glasses, computer screens, taking breaks, etc. will not really help.

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HotDockett
Rating
Try Apple Cider Vinegar and water, or stop watching TV and using the computer. If this persists you may want to talk to specialist, you may need vision correction. Or you may have a you are too close to the monitor. Personally, I think you need more water, and maybe some vinegar. Oh, acupuncture works well also.

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Richard D
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Time for glasses. Seriously.

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J-Luv The Bunny
Rating
Sit further back and adjust the brightness to the screen make sure that its not too bright. Also adjust the font size like you can change the percentage at which you are viewing webpages and documents so that you dont strain your eyes as bad. I would also suggest to see the optometrist/eye doctor but I think you're just suffering from prolonged use of the computer. Also take a break when you're hurting close your eyes or sit in darkness if possible to rest your eyes.

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Black Ribbon ♫
Rating
Get a perscription medication for it. I get those all the time.
Try to cut down on your computer and/or TV as much as possible (boring i know, but it helps)
See a docter.

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<SC&gt;
Rating
First of all i would recommend an opticians appointment. From that point they can steer you in the right direction :)

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grahamaaron21
Rating
go outside get some fresh air have a picinic with your friendsand enjoy the day.

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The Authority
Rating
Start smoking weed.

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purpleflyer2008
Stay away from the screens as long as possible. Give yourself breaks. I think they make a screen cover for monitors. I get headaches as well. Its no fun when there is a dead line.

Pam

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dbgyog
Use good screen/monitor.

Alternate systems of medicine can only help you.

There is no medicine for H/A OR MIGRAINE. Not only these but for RA, OA, Back ache and almost all painful diseases. Hence they become chronic.

Acidity, WORRY, sadness, excessive wind, cold , heat, sour food and sinusitis, constipation, intestinal inflammation; drug side effects, stress, bad smell, TV & COMPUTER SOMETIMES,
Blockage in the flow of Vital Energy, BODY CONSTITUTION etc are their causes. None of them can be treated with medicine. Our 100% success in treating migraine &H/A confirms it.

Acupuncture is the best treatment.
I can treat it with naturopathy and YOG, but how can you manage pl see.

Pain killers don't treat the pain but we loose the sense of pain for some time; in that duration our body itself treats sometime and credit goes to meds.
The useless drugs have tremendous power of side effects like liver/kidney failures, ulcer, inflammation of intestines and lot more.

Avoid late sleeping if possible; worry, spicy foods, sour fruits, stale bakery foods, SMOKING and alcohole.
Sweet foods, COCOANUT WATER,sweet fruits, milk, rice, SPROUTS, SALADS and good sleep will help if cough is not there.

But you try one herbal remedy- two drops of drumstick leaves' juice in opposite nostril if one side pains and both nostrils if full H/A will give you rescue. Betel leaf helps but it is very strong.

If it is acute pl search a painful point 3-6 mm behind your thumb nail and press it, H/A will disappear within 30 seconds.

For forehead pain the points are in front of nails on the finger tips or 3-7 mm below.

It may disappear naturally too.

Source(s):
SHREE SWASTHYAYOG TREATMENT, TRAINING & RESEARCH INSTITUTE
R.H. 19, Jhulelal Society, Sector 2/E, Airoli, Navi Mumbai, INDIA.

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kanaoly
Rating
Photophobia happens for me when I spend too much time on the screen for work and school. I learned that taking Excedrin too much is not good. It's about taking time away from the screen even if it's to take a dump or go for a walk or eat something. Let's your eyes rest or it feel like someone is extracting your eyeball without pain med. Another way to get lightly tinted clear glass to wear; it's kind of like staring directly into the sun. Also, I got a computer screen that kind of limits the brightness into my eyes. Hope this is helpful.

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Kainoa
Try and see if they will purchase a screen difuser for you, these are also called glare guards. They help to reduce the amount of light that is actually projected from the screen. These will help with the migraines. Also when watching TV, try and have a light on in the same room so that the TV is not the only light source.

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f-v
there is this screens you put on top of the monitor and that helps alot... maybe you need to go to the eye doctor..

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JamieLynn
i do too. i take Tylenol and get off the puter for a bit... dont hurt ur eyes!! u will regret it

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FLOSSY
Rating
Do you wear glasses?? If not, it may be something as simple as that. I found I was going home feeling sick & with headaches but hadn't had my eyes checked for years - now I wear glasses!!!

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dontknow
Rating
try adding Magnesium to your diet by food first and supplements second. every time I get a headache I'll eat a banana and it seems to help.

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FRANK B
i would suggest using a screen and see your GP or an optician and try to cut down a bit on the time using your computer and TV

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Yahzmin (US)
That amount of exposure should not really create this type of a problem, but here are things that you can do. First, make sure that your eyes have been checked recently. Eye strain can cause many problems, including migraines. Sit far enough back that you are not hunched over staring at the screen. Don't stay at the machine for more than 15 - 20 minutes at a time without taking a break, if only to get out of the chair and walk around the desk once.

In the meantime, you really should check with a neurologist for other possible causes, including food allergies, sinus issues (infected sinuses are great for causing migraines), hormonal issues, etc.

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