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Ma huang/ephedra and ephedrine have been used for breathing problems, asthma, and nasal swelling/congestion caused by a cold or allergies.Ephedrine is available in the US as a nonprescription medication for relief of breathing problems. It is rarely used because there are safer and more effective medications (e.g., albuterol, pseudoephedrine). Ma huang/ephedra is an herbal/dietary supplement that was banned by the US FDA in 2004 because it has an unreasonable risk with little proven benefit. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details.Ephedrine is the active ingredient in ephedra/ma huang. It belongs to a class of medications called sympathomimetics. It works like a naturally occurring substance (adrenaline) that your body makes when it thinks it is in danger. It is a central nervous system stimulant that increases your heart rate/blood pressure, narrows your blood vessels (vasoconstriction), and opens up the lungs (bronchodilation).Some herbal/diet supplement products have been found to contain possibly harmful impurities/additives. The amount of medication may be very different between products. Check with your pharmacist for more details about the particular brand you use.
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| Overview |
Photos |
How To Use |
Side Effects |
Precautions |
Missed Dose |
Drug Interactions |
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Ephedrine No.4
Uses
Ma huang/ephedra and ephedrine have been used for breathing problems, asthma, and nasal swelling/congestion caused by a cold or allergies.Ephedrine is available in the US as a nonprescription medication for relief of breathing problems. It is rarely used because there are safer and more effective medications (e.g., albuterol, pseudoephedrine). Ma huang/ephedra is an herbal/dietary supplement that was banned by the US FDA in 2004 because it has an unreasonable risk with little proven benefit. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details.Ephedrine is the active ingredient in ephedra/ma huang. It belongs to a class of medications called sympathomimetics. It works like a naturally occurring substance (adrenaline) that your body makes when it thinks it is in danger. It is a central nervous system stimulant that increases your heart rate/blood pressure, narrows your blood vessels (vasoconstriction), and opens up the lungs (bronchodilation).Some herbal/diet supplement products have been found to contain possibly harmful impurities/additives. The amount of medication may be very different between products. Check with your pharmacist for more details about the particular brand you use.
Notes
- If your doctor has prescribed this medication, do not share it with others.
Storage
- Refer to storage information printed on the package.
- If you have any questions about storage, ask your pharmacist.
Overdose
- Symptoms of overdose may include: very rapid heartbeat, fever, loss of consciousness, coma.
How To Use
- If you are using the nonprescription product/supplement, read all directions on the product package before taking this medication.
- Take this product by mouth as directed.
- If you are uncertain about any of the information, consult your doctor or pharmacist.
- If your doctor has prescribed this medication, take it exactly as directed.When used in high doses, this medication may cause serious side effects, including heart attack, seizure, and stroke.
- Do not take more than the recommended dose, and do not use this product for longer than 7 days in a row unless directed by your doctor.Rarely, abnormal drug-seeking behavior (addiction) is possible with this medication.
- Do not increase your dose, take it more frequently, or use it for a longer time than directed.
- Properly stop the medication when so directed.When used for an extended time, this medication may not work as well.
- Talk with your doctor if this medication stops working well.If you are using this medication for breathing problems and your condition does not improve in 1 hour or worsens, or if you think you may have a serious medical problem, seek immediate medical attention.
- If you have a cough that returns or lasts more than 7 days, or if you have a fever, rash, or severe headache, seek immediate medical attention.
- These could be signs of a serious medical condition.
Side Effects
- Dizziness, nausea, nervousness, shakiness (tremor), trouble sleeping, loss of appetite, or headache may occur.
- If any of these effects persist or worsen, contact your doctor promptly.Many people have had serious (sometimes fatal) side effects with this medication.
- Discuss the risks and benefits of this medication with your doctor or pharmacist.Tell your doctor immediately if any of these serious side effects occur: mental/mood changes (e.g., anxiety, difficulty concentrating, irritability), dry mouth, increased thirst, muscle pain, flushing/tingling, difficult/painful urination.Tell your doctor immediately if any of these very serious side effects occur: chest pain, dizziness/fainting, fast/irregular/pounding heartbeat, severe/pounding headache, severe mental/mood changes (e.g., confusion, hallucinations), seizure, swelling ankles/feet, tiredness, slurred speech, change in amount of urine, weakness on one side of the body.A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare.
- However, seek immediate medical attention if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching, swelling, severe dizziness, trouble breathing.If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.
Precautions
- Before using this medication, tell your doctor if you are allergic to it; or if you have any other allergies.This medication should not be used if you have certain medical conditions.
- Before using this medicine, consult your doctor or pharmacist if you have: heart problems (e.g., chest pain, irregular heartbeat, heart attack, long QT interval syndrome).Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: asthma, stroke, certain adrenal gland problem (pheochromocytoma), mental/mood disorders (e.g., anxiety, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia), circulation problems, diabetes, high blood pressure, a certain movement problem (essential tremor), kidney disease, seizures, overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism), glaucoma (narrow-angle), prostate problems.This drug may make you dizzy.
- Use caution while driving, using machinery, or doing any activity that requires alertness.
- Avoid alcoholic beverages.Before having surgery, tell your doctor or dentist that you are taking this medication.This product may rarely make your blood sugar level rise, causing or worsening diabetes.
- Tell your doctor immediately if you develop symptoms of high blood sugar such as unusual increased thirst/urination or vision changes.
- Some forms of this product may contain sugar.
- Caution is advised if you have diabetes.
- Ask your doctor or pharmacist about using this product safely.Do not use in children less than 12 years unless directed by the doctor.
- For use in older children and adolescents, consult the package label for any age warnings.During pregnancy, this medication should be used only when clearly needed.
- Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.This medication passes into breast milk and could have undesirable effects on a nursing infant.
- Therefore, breast-feeding is not recommended while using this drug.
- Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.
Missed Dose
- If your doctor has prescribed this medication and you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember.
- If it is near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your usual dosing schedule.
- Do not double the dose to catch up.
Drug Interactions
- If your doctor prescribed this medication, your doctor or pharmacist may already be aware of any possible drug interactions and may be monitoring you for them.
- Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicine before checking with your doctor or pharmacist first.This drug should not be used with the following medications because very serious interactions may occur: MAO inhibitors (e.g., furazolidone, isocarboxazid, linezolid, moclobemide, phenelzine, procarbazine, rasagiline, selegiline, tranylcypromine).Avoid taking MAO inhibitors within 2 weeks before, during, and after treatment with this medication.
- In some cases, a serious (possibly fatal) drug interaction may occur.Before using this product, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all prescription and nonprescription medications you may use, especially of: alpha blockers (e.g., prazosin, terazosin), digoxin, drugs for diabetes, drugs for seizures (e.g., carbamazepine, phenytoin), dexamethasone, ergot medications (e.g., ergotamine, bromocriptine), ginseng, medication for blood pressure (e.g., clonidine, guanethidine, methyldopa, reserpine, beta blockers such as propranolol and metoprolol), adrenaline-like drugs (e.g., epinephrine, norepinephrine, pseudoephedrine), caffeine/other stimulants (e.g., amphetamine, methylphenidate), drugs that change the amount of acid in the urine (e.g., acetazolamide, citrates, sodium bicarbonate).This medication may affect the heart rhythm.
- Other drugs besides this product that may affect the heart rhythm (QTc prolongation in the EKG) include dofetilide, pimozide, procainamide, amiodarone, quinidine, sotalol, and erythromycin, among others.
- QTc prolongation can infrequently result in a serious (rarely fatal) irregular heartbeat.
- Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details and for instructions on how you may reduce the risk of this effect.Also report the use of drugs that might increase seizure risk when combined with this medication such as isoniazid (INH), phenothiazines (e.g., thioridazine), theophylline, or tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline), among others.
- Consult your doctor or pharmacist for details.Check the labels of all nonprescription cough, cold, or allergy products because they may contain adrenaline-like drugs such as pseudoephedrine or phenylpropanolamine.
- Using this product with products that contain pseudoephedrine or phenylpropanolamine may increase the likelihood of serious side effects.
- Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more information.Avoid caffeine because it may increase your blood pressure.
- Caffeine can be found in nonprescription diet medications, soft drinks, coffee, and tea.This medication can interfere with certain lab tests (e.g., urine tests for stimulants).
- Make sure that all your doctors and lab personnel know that you are using this product.
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CONDITIONS OF USE: The information in this database is intended to supplement, not substitute for, the expertise and judgement of healthcare professionals. The information is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, drug interactions or adverse effects, nor should it be construed to indicate that use of a particular drug is safe, appropriate or effective for you or anyone else. A healthcare professional should be consulted before taking any drug, changing any diet or commencing or discontinuing any course of treatment.
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